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Verifiable Presentation (VP)

A signed package a holder sends to a verifier that bundles one or more verifiable credentials, or claims derived from them, along with proof that the presenter controls them. Supports selective disclosure so only the required claims are shared.

The presentation is the thing a verifier actually receives, and it is doing more work than the credential: proving holder binding (this is the party the credential was issued to, not someone who copied it), scoping disclosure to the requested claims, and preventing replay against a different verifier through a challenge. Skipping holder binding is the classic implementation error.

See also: verifiable credential, OpenID4VP, selective disclosure, verifiable credentials standard

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